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Table functions: Table functions produce a set of rows as output Table functions return a collection type instance (nested table and VARRAY data types) Table functions are similar to views, but, instead of defining the transform declaratively in SQL, you define it procedurally in PL/SQL Table functions are a great help when you re doing large and complex.

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transformations, because you can perform the transformations before loading data into a data warehouse. Table functions are discussed in the Using Table Functions for Data Transformation section in this chapter. Transportable tablespaces: These tablespaces provide you with an efficient and speedy way to move data from one database to another. For example, you can migrate data between an OLTP database and a data warehouse using transportable tablespaces. 14 discusses transportable tablespaces.

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You can also use Oracle Warehouse Builder (OWB) to efficiently load data. OWB offers you a wizard-driven facility to load data into the database through SQL*Loader. OWB can load data from an Oracle database or from flat files. In addition, OWB can extract data from other databases such as Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server via Oracle Transparent Gateways. OWB combines ETL and design functions in an easy-to-use format.

In the next section, you ll learn how to use the SQL*Loader utility to load data from external files. This will also help you understand how to use external tables to perform data loading. After examining the external tables feature, you ll review the various methods of data transformation offered by Oracle Database 10g.

The SQL*Loader utility, which comes with the Oracle database server, is commonly used by DBAs to load external data into an Oracle database. SQL*Loader is an immensely powerful tool that s capable of performing more than just a data load from text files. Here s a quick list of the SQL*Loader utility s capabilities: You can use SQL*Loader to transform data before it s loaded into the database or during the data load itself (limited capabilities). You can load data from multiple sources: disk, tape, and named pipes. You can also use multiple data files in the same loading session. You can load data across a network. You can selectively load from the input file based on conditions. You can load all or part of a table. You can also load data into several tables simultaneously. You can perform simultaneous data loads. You can automate the load process, so it runs at scheduled times. You can load complex object-relational data. You can use the SQL*Loader utility to perform several types of data loading: Conventional data loading: Under conventional data loading, SQL*Loader reads multiple rows at a time and stores them in a bind array. SQL*Loader subsequently inserts this whole array at once into the database and commits the operation. Direct-path loading: The direct-path loading method doesn t use the SQL INSERT statement to load the data into Oracle tables. Column array structures are built from the data to be loaded, and these structures are used to format Oracle data blocks that are then written directly to the database tables.

Summary

External data loading: The new external tables feature of Oracle relies on the functionality of SQL*Loader to access data in external files as if it were part of the database tables When you use the ORACLE_LOADER access driver to create an external table, you are basically using the SQL*Loader s functionality In Oracle Database 10g, you can also use the new ORACLE_DATAPUMP access driver, which provides the ability to write to external tables The conventional and direct-path loading methods offer their own benefits and drawbacks Because the direct-path loading method bypasses the Oracle SQL mechanism, it is much faster than the conventional loading method However, when it comes to the data transformation capabilities, the conventional loading method is much more powerful than direct-path loading, because it allows a full range of functions to be applied to the table columns during the load.